Oracle Rdb7(tm) -- Index

ABM page, 13-8

uniform page format, 13-8

Abnormal termination

of transaction, 10-4

Access control entry (ACE)

for OpenVMS and Oracle RMU, 8-2

Access control list (ACL)

OpenVMS and Oracle RMU ACE, 8-2

After-image journal (.aij) file

After-image journal file backup

using disk and tape media, 9-19

After-image journaling

AIJ request blocks

require extra OpenVMS pages, 9-7

AIP

uniform page format, 13-9

Alarms

Audit type, interpreting, 3-18

Daccess type, interpreting, 3-19

Oracle RMU type, interpreting, 3-21

Protection type, interpreting, 3-20

security, 3-3, 3-17

ALLOCATION IS option, 9-12

ALTER DATABASE statement, 10-5

JOURNAL EXTENT IS option, 9-5

NUMBER OF RECOVERY BUFFERS, 10-5

Altering corrupt databases, 6-3

Area bit map

See ABM page

Area inventory page

See AIP

ASTLM parameter

values, 8-34

Attach command (RdbALTER), 6-4

Attaching to a database, 4-5

in RdbALTER, 6-4

Audit

See Audit events

Audit events

disabling Daccess, 3-4, 3-9

disabling event information, 3-12

enabling Daccess, 3-4, 3-9

enabling event information, 3-12

Audit journal records, 3-3, 3-22

defining database table for storing, 3-22

defining relation for storing, 3-22

reviewing, 3-24

Audit trail

in RdbALTER, 6-25

Auditing

audit event information

enabling or disabling, 3-12

Daccess level security auditing, 3-7, 3-9

event-level security auditing, 3-8, 3-12

four levels of security auditing, 3-7

monitoring resources, 3-3

specific object types, 3-9

specific objects, 3-9

starting, 3-13

stopping, 3-8, 3-13

top-level security auditing, 3-8, 3-13

user-level security auditing, 3-7, 3-9

Availability features, 1-7

cluster environment automatic recovery, 1-9

disable logging for write-once storage areas, 1-9

fault-tolerant Rdb databases, 1-8

maintaining optimum database integrity, 1-14

maintenance

analyze operations, 1-15

automatic cleanup activities, 1-9, 1-14

online backup operations, 1-8

online DBA activities, 1-10

online move operations, 1-8

online recovery operations, 1-8

online restore operations, 1-8

verify operations, 1-15

Backing up a database, 7-1

controlling tape concurrency, 7-66

optimizing tape utilization, 7-69

preloading and synchronizing backup tapes, 7-67

Backup

by area operation, 7-9

by storage area, 7-20

by-area incremental backup, 7-35

complete incremental backup, 7-35

database backup (.rbf) file, 7-10

Digital UNIX tar, 7-15

displaying root file information, 7-75

examples, 9-79

read-only and updatable storage areas, 7-42

sample procedure, 7-26

file management, 7-21

frequency, 7-17

full, 7-9, 7-32

full and complete, 7-18

full versus incremental, 7-19

incremental, 7-9, 7-38

comparing timestamps, 7-38

disk I/O costs, 7-41

performance, 7-37

Scan_Optimization qualifier, 7-37

selecting pages, 7-38

summary statistics, 7-41

to tape, 7-36

incremental sample commands, 7-35

introduction to Oracle RMU backup, 7-3

multiple parallel processes, 7-5

multithreaded, 7-2

off line, 7-22

on line, 7-55

on line versus off line, 7-22

OpenVMS Backup utility, 7-15

options, 7-9

parallel, 7-23

performance

calculate working set, 7-28

quota-exceeded problems, 8-34

read/write storage areas, 7-22

read-only and write-once storage areas, 7-21

single CPU process, 7-3

specifying file protection, 7-14

strategies, 7-16, 9-18

to disk media, 7-60

to tape, 7-34

to tape media, 7-61

trade-offs

incremental backup versus multiple journal files, 9-18

traditional backups, 7-2

underrun errors, 7-70

using shadowed or mirrored disks, 7-16

when to back up journal files, 9-21

Backup After_Journal command

tape label checking, 7-72

Backup command

See RMU Backup command

Before-image journal

See Recovery-unit journal (.ruj) file

Bit vectors, 13-7

Bugcheck dump

By-area backup

guidelines for file management and recovery, 7-21

incremental, 7-44

read-only and write-once storage areas, 7-44

strategies, 7-20

strategies for read/write storage areas, 7-22

strategies for read-only and write-once storage areas, 7-21

timestamps, 7-40

updatable storage areas, 7-43

CDD

information

moving during restore, 8-47

Changing database page contents, 6-12

Changing the radix in RdbALTER, 6-13, 6-24

Checking for database corruption, 5-19

Checking tape labels with Oracle RMU, 7-72

Checksum, 7-72, 12-3

Checksum_Verification qualifier, 7-31

Clearing an inconsistent flag, 6-23

Closing a database, 4-1, 4-7

for a maintenance operation, 4-9

Cluster

after-image journal file placement, 9-9

closing a database, 4-14

cluster-accessible journal files, 10-3

opening a database, 4-3

Commit command (RdbALTER), 6-15, 6-26

Commit To Journal option

usage with after-image journaling, 9-57

Committing a transaction

in RdbALTER, 6-26

Common data dictionary

information

duplicating during restore, 8-46

during restore, 8-49

Completing a transaction

in RdbALTER, 6-15, 6-26

Constraints

checking, 5-5, 5-8

checking with RMU Verify, 5-9

verifying, 9-82

violating a definition, 5-3

Contents, 13-1

Coordinator processes, 7-5

Copying a database into a directory owned by a resource identifier, 8-2

Corrupt page table, 5-20, 5-30, 8-17, 9-59

Corruption

causes of database corruption, 5-2

checking for database corruption, 5-3

clearing a corruption flag, 6-5

clearing an inconsistent flag, 6-23

corrupt page table, 5-20, 5-30, 9-59

in batch-update mode, 5-3

patching the database, 6-3

repairing the database, 6-1

CREATE DATABASE statement, 10-5, 13-11

NUMBER OF RECOVERY BUFFERS IS option, 10-5

SPAM pages, 13-11

Creating databases

space management, 13-11

tailoring the system, 13-11

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)

See also Underrun errors

automatic error correction, 7-70

avoiding underrun errors, 7-70

Checksum option, 7-71

end-to-end error detection, 7-71

options, 7-71

Daccess audit events

enabling or disabling, 3-4, 3-9

Data

moving, 6-17

storage page header, 12-3

Data compression

storage efficiency with logical area thresholds, 13-2

Database

attaching to, 4-5, 4-6

backing up

backups, 7-1

causes of corruption, 5-2

changing page contents, 6-12

characteristics, 2-15

checking for corruption, 5-3

checkpointing and backing up journal files, 9-52

Checksum_Verification qualifier, 7-31

closing, 4-1, 4-7, 4-11

for maintenance operations, 4-9, 4-10

corruption causes, 5-2

corruption example, 5-31

data integrity, 5-40

page header, 5-32

sorted index, 5-36

creating

See Creating databases

database administrator (DBA), 1-1

database recovery (DBR) process, 10-4

design space management, 13-11

determining when it is open, 4-3

displaying and interpreting

file contents, 11-1

page contents, 6-10

security auditing characteristics, 3-2

storage pages, 12-1

displaying header information, 7-75

duplicate database, 8-45

example of default verify operation, 5-17

example of full verify operation, 5-17

improving verify performance, 5-15

integrity, 5-4

journal file performance, 9-51

management requirements, 1-2

monitoring, 2-1

moving files, 6-16, 8-47

opening, 4-1, 4-2, 4-6

by attaching, 4-6

optimizing journal file, 9-51

options file, 8-44

page content changing, 6-12

pages

restore example, 8-17

preparing to restore, 8-1

read-only and updatable storage areas

backup example, 7-42

considerations, 7-42

restore example, 8-13

recovery, 7-1, 9-57

reorganizing single to multifile, 8-50

reporting bugcheck dumps, A-9

restoring

restoring into directory owned by a resource identifier, 8-2

restricting access, 4-3

root file

See Root file

setting global buffers, 4-3

snapshot pages, 11-26

space management, 13-11

storage page structure, 12-2

strategy to detect problems, 5-9

table for storing security audit journal records, 3-22

tracking open and close operations, 4-4

user information, 2-11

verification troubleshooting, 5-20

checksum check, 5-22

data integrity corruption, 5-24

summary, 5-30

verifying

problems detected, 5-7

reasons for, 5-1

what happens, 5-3

what is checked, 5-4

verifying constraints, 5-44

Database administrator (DBA)

primary tasks, 1-2

Database automatic recovery process

improving performance, 10-5

Database backup (.rbf) file, 7-10

keeping incremental backup operations, 7-28

purging, 7-28

Database corruption

after system failure, 5-19

causes, 5-2

checking for, 5-3

clearing a corruption flag, 6-5

clearing an inconsistent flag, 6-23

in batch-update mode, 5-3

patching, 6-3

repairing, 6-1

Database design

space management, 13-11

Database files

Database key (dbkey)

hashed indexes, 12-26

overflow, 12-34

index node segments, 12-20

sorted indexes

duplicate index node, 12-23

uncompressed, 12-23

Database page

ABM pages, 13-7

AIPs

uniform page format, 13-9

area bit maps

uniform page format, 13-8

checksum, 12-3

common format used in RMU Dump output, 11-2

displaying contents, 6-10

fragmented record, 12-37, 12-38

free space, 12-4, 12-6

fullness threshold, 13-1

hashed index, 12-26

structure with page pointer, 12-34

header, 12-3

index node record, 12-19, 12-21, 12-24

line index, 12-4

list record, 12-10

locked and unlocked free space, 12-4, 12-7

mixed page format

SPAM intervals, 13-14

SPAM page, 13-11

number, 12-3

page tail

mixed storage area, 12-36

uniform storage area, 12-36

snapshots, 11-26

space area management (SPAM) pages, 13-5

SPAM entry information, 13-18

SPAM interval formula, 13-16

storage area number, 12-3

storage segment structure, 12-8

structure with system record, 12-33

timestamp, 12-3

TSN index, 12-5

units, 12-1

user-stored record, 12-8

Database record

hashed index, 12-28

Database recovery (DBR) process, 10-4

creating, 10-5

Database reorganizing

single to multifile, 8-50

Database storage page structure, 12-1

Database verification, 5-4

Date and time stamp

See Timestamp

DBA

See Database administrator (DBA)

Dbkey

See Database key (dbkey)

DBR process

See Database recovery (DBR) process

DECnet network protocol

restriction when restoring a database, 8-1

Deposit command (RdbALTER), 6-12

Detach command (RdbALTER), 6-5, 6-26

Detaching from a database

in RdbALTER, 6-5

Digital UNIX

LSM mirrored disks, 7-16

tar, 7-15

DIOLM parameter

values, 8-34

Directories

recovery-unit journals, 10-2

Disabling audit event information, 3-12

Disabling Daccess audit events, 3-4, 3-9

Disk

incremental backup command, 7-35

Disk backups

guidelines, 7-60

recommendations for after-image journal file backup, 9-19

Disk device

backing up after-images, 9-19

reusing after-image backup media, 9-20

Disk space requirements

fast commit transaction processing enabled and after-image journal backup, 9-56

journal file size, 9-84

Display command (RdbALTER), 6-10

Displaying database page contents, 6-10

Displaying user information, 2-12

Dump After_Journal command

tape label checking, 7-72

Dump Backup command

tape label checking, 7-72

Duplicate index nodes, 12-20, 12-23

Duplicate node record

hashed index structure, 12-28

Enabling audit event information, 3-12

Enabling Daccess audit events, 3-4, 3-9

Error

See Bugcheck dump

Errors

monitoring tape drives, 7-74

submitting software problem reports, A-1

underrun, 7-70

Exception condition

See Bugcheck dump

Exclude qualifier

omitting specific storage areas, 7-43

Exit command (RdbALTER), 6-27

EXPORT statement

when to use, 8-50

Extensible journals, 9-10

Fast commit option

usage with after-image journaling, 9-52

Fast commit processing

effect on journal file switchover, 9-56

Fast commit transaction processing enabled and after-image journal backup

disk space requirements, 9-56

Fault tolerance, 1-8

Fetching a page (RdbALTER), 6-7

Fetching a storage area (RdbALTER), 6-6

Fixed-size journal files

effect of fast transaction processing, 9-56

Fragment chain pointer, 12-41

Fragmentation

frag flags, 12-9

record, 12-37 to 12-41

storage records, 12-37

Free space

database page, 12-7

find with SPAM pages, 13-11

locked, 12-4, 12-6

unlocked, 12-6

Full database backup, 7-32

comparing with incremental backup, 7-19, 7-41

requirements for using, 7-18

starting, 7-32

Full database verification, 5-9

Fullness threshold, 13-16

Global buffers

showing information on, 2-12

Hash bucket record

hashed index structure, 12-28

Hashed index

duplicate node record, 12-28

hash bucket record, 12-28

node records, 12-26

SYSTEM record, 12-28

Help command (RdbALTER), 6-27

Help facility, xxv

Help on line, xxv

IMPORT statement, 10-5

NUMBER OF RECOVERY BUFFERS IS option, 10-5

when to use, 8-50

Inconsistent flag

clearing, 6-23

Incremental database backup

comparing with full backup, 7-19, 7-41

determining which pages have changed, 7-38

for selected storage areas, 7-44

measuring benefits, 7-41

optimizing performance, 7-37

sample command lines, 7-35

starting, 7-34

Incremental verification, 5-16

Index

duplicate nodes, 12-20, 12-23

nodes, 12-19, 12-20

overflow nodes, 12-19

Index node record, 12-19

data region length, 12-22

example, 12-21, 12-24

fragmentation, 12-21

index scroll, 12-22

level type, 12-22

storage record type ID, 12-22

uncompressed owner dbkey, 12-22

Index node segment, 12-8

JOURNAL EXTENT IS option, 9-5

Journal qualifier

Oracle RMU backup, 7-69

Journaling

See also Recovery-unit journal (.ruj) file

after-image, 9-1

after-image journal directory, 9-9

AIJ end-of-file, 9-13

backing up

a single extensible file, 9-24

after-images to disk, 9-19

after-images to tape, 9-19

multiple fixed-size after-image to disk, 9-25

multiple fixed-size files, 9-25

reusing after-image backup media, 9-20

reusing backup media, 9-20

single extensible after-image to tape, 9-24

common directories, 10-2

devising a strategy, 9-4

directory protection, 9-9

disabling, 9-7

enabling, 9-5

example, 9-79

file protection, 9-84

file size, 9-84

incomplete recovery, 10-1

information not written to journal file, 9-3

information written to journal file, 9-3

logical end-of-file, 9-13

logical names, 9-9

multiple fixed-size files, 9-10

multiuser access, 10-2

optimizing after-image journaling, 9-51

performance, 9-5, 9-8, 9-51, 10-2

physical end-of-file, 9-13

placement, 9-9

recovery, 9-57

recovery-unit journal, 10-2

relationship between allocation and extent size, 9-13

requirements for, 9-1

reviewing security audit records, 3-24

.ruj file placement, 10-2

security audit, 3-3, 3-22

setting allocation size, 9-12

setting extent size, 9-6

single extensible journal file, 9-10, 9-13

strategy for list data on WORM media, 9-15

trade-offs

multiple journal files or incremental backup, 9-18

truncating journal files, 9-84

Label

checking on tapes, 7-72

Leaf node, 12-19, 12-20

Line index, 12-4

Lists, 12-8, 12-10

Live page, 11-23, 11-26

Loader synchronization

preloading tapes for parallel backup operation, 7-53

Loader_Synchronization qualifier

Oracle RMU backup, 7-67

Loading data

security audit journal records, 3-2, 3-22

Lock

duplicate nodes, 12-21

Locked and unlocked free space, 12-4

Locking duplicate nodes, 12-23

Locking quiet point, 7-55

Log command (RdbALTER), 6-25

Log file

incremental backup summary statistics, 7-41

Logical area thresholds

storage efficiency with data compression, 13-2

Logical name

after-image journal file, 9-9

defining RDM$BUGCHECK_DIR, A-4

defining RDMS$BIND_SORT_WORKFILES, A-7

journal files, 9-9

recovery-unit journal, 10-2

system, 9-9

Maintenance

Make Consistent command (RdbALTER), 6-23

Management functions (Oracle RMU)

privileges required to use, 3-6

Master qualifier

Oracle RMU backup, 7-66

mf_personnel database

creating sample, 1-15

Migrating databases

to multifile database, 8-50

Monitor log file

See also Monitor process

log file

RDMS_MONITOR process information, A-3

reopening, 2-7

Monitor process, 2-1

Monitoring a database, 2-1

Move command (RdbALTER), 6-17

to move database files, 6-17

Moving database files, 6-16

Multiple fixed-size journal files, 9-10

Multithreaded backup

New features

New features for Oracle Rdb, xxix

Nodes

index, 12-19, 12-20

Nolog command (RdbALTER), 6-26

NUMBER OF RECOVERY BUFFERS IS option

determining the current value, 10-7

specifying with SQL, 10-6

Object types

auditing, 3-9

auditing for specific privileges, 3-9

Offline backup

strategies, 7-22

when to perform, 7-22

Online backup

enabling snapshot files, 7-55

performing, 7-54

strategies, 7-22

when to perform, 7-22

Opening a database, 4-1

OpenVMS

shadowed disks, 7-16

OpenVMS Backup utility, 7-15

OpenVMS security audit journal, 3-16

loading into database, 3-22

Optimizing after-image journaling, 9-70

Oracle Rdb Management Utility

See individual RMU command entries

Oracle Rdb new features, xxix

Oracle RMU

privileges applied when you restore a database, 8-2

Oracle supercenter

submitting problem reports, A-1

Overflow index nodes, 12-19

Pages

checksum, 12-3

corrupt page table, 5-20, 5-30, 9-59

header, 12-3

number, 12-3

SPAM

See Space area managment (SPAM) pages

tail, 12-36

Parallel backup

assigning worker processes to nodes, 7-47

coordinator process, 7-5

overview, 7-5

Parallel Backup Monitor, 7-47, 7-54

performing, 7-45

plan file, 7-49

starting, 7-47

steps during processing, 7-52

strategies, 7-23

using with loader synchronization, 7-53

worker processes, 7-5

Parameters

ASTLM, 8-34

DIOLM, 8-34

Patching database corruption, 6-3

Performance

improving database automatic recovery process, 10-5

journaling, 10-2

NUMBER OF RECOVERY BUFFERS IS option, 10-5

optimizing after-image journaling, 9-51

optimizing the incremental backup operation, 7-37

PERSONNEL database

creating sample, 1-15

preface

Send Us Your Comments, xxi

Primary segment, 12-8

Privilege

granting after an RMU Restore operation, 8-2

required for accessing recovery-unit journal file, 10-4

Process failure, 10-5

Process quotas

for Oracle RMU backup, 7-28

Protection audit events

enabling or disabling, 3-5

Quiet point, 7-55

Quiet-point lock, 7-55 to 7-60

Radix command (RdbALTER), 6-13, 6-24

.rbf file

See Database backup (.rbf) file

RdbALTER, 6-3

Area command, 6-6

Attach command, 6-4

attaching to a database, 6-4

changing page contents, 6-12

Commit command, 6-15, 6-26

completing transactions, 6-26

Deposit command, 6-12, 6-14, 6-15

Detach command, 6-5, 6-26

detaching from a database, 6-5

Display command, 6-10

Area_Number, 6-11

asterisk (*), 6-10

Checksum, 6-11

Count, 6-11

Data, 6-11

Free_Space, 6-11

Header, 6-10

Index, 6-11

Line, 6-11

Locked_Free_Space, 6-11

Page_Number, 6-10

Space, 6-12

Time_Stamp, 6-11

displaying page contents, 6-10

fetching an area, 6-6

Help command, 6-27

information needed before using, 6-4

keeping a session log, 6-4

keeping an audit trail, 6-25

Log command, 6-4, 6-25

logging a session, 6-25

Make Consistent command, 6-23

Move command, 6-17

example, 6-17

moving data on a page, 6-17

moving database files, 6-16

Nolog command, 6-26

PAGE command, 6-7

Radix command, 6-13, 6-24

Rollback command, 6-26

specifying a page, 6-6

specifying an area, 6-6

stopping a session log, 6-26

Uncorrupt command, 6-5

undoing changes, 6-4

Verify command, 6-25

verifying alterations, 6-25

with RMU Verify, 6-3

RdbALTER Verify versus RMU Verify, 6-25

RDM$BUGCHECK_DIR logical name defining, A-4

RDM$RUJ directory, 10-2

RDMMON.LOG file, 2-5, 2-6

See also Monitor process

log file

Record

clusters, 12-9

fragmentation, 12-37 to 12-41

Recover command

tape label checking, 7-72

Recovering a database

using after-image journal files, 9-57

Recovery

See also Database

abnormal termination, 10-4

abnormally terminated transaction, 10-4

after-image journal files, 9-57

allocating number of DBR database buffers, 10-6

displaying the value of NUMBER OF RECOVERY BUFFERS, 10-7

from a lost extensible journal file, 9-73

from a lost fixed-size journal file, 9-74

from an inaccessible journal file, 9-73

incomplete, 10-1

order to apply, 9-67

placement of recovery-unit journal files, 10-2

recovery-unit journals, 10-1

steps for, 9-58

strategies, 9-18

when to back up journal files, 9-21

Recovery-unit journal (.ruj) file, 10-4, 10-5

directories, 10-2

displaying contents, 10-8

file

creating and protecting, 10-4

interpreting contents, 10-9

interpreting file headings, 10-8

logical names, 10-2

missing recovery-unit journal files, 10-1

Recovery-unit journals

creating on common-access devices, 10-3

.ruj file location, 10-2

Relation

for storing security audit journal records, 3-22

Reorganizing databases

database files, 8-50

Repairing database corruption, 6-1

Reporting

notifying Oracle about problems with Oracle Rdb software, A-1

Restore command

tape label checking, 7-72

Restore Only_Root command

tape label checking, 7-72

Restoring

databases, 7-1

Restoring a database

with after-image journaling, 9-2

Restoring databases

checking database version numbers, 8-13

creating duplicate database, 8-45

creating new database version, 8-9

DECnet restriction, 8-1

disabling SPAM pages, 8-42

enabling SPAM pages, 8-42

examples

no read-only storage areas, 8-12

pages, 8-17

read-only storage areas, 8-13

from tape, 8-30

full, 8-6

granting directory ACE privileges, 8-2

granting Oracle RMU privileges, 8-2

incremental, 8-9

applying restore to correct root file version, 8-11

modifying after-image journaling, 8-38

modifying database characteristics, 8-35

modifying database options, 8-43

modifying page size, 8-42

moving files, 8-47

Noworm attribute, 8-42

options file, 8-44

preparation, 8-1

quota-exceeded problems, 8-34

root file, 8-21

setting snapshot allocation size, 8-42

threshold values, 8-41

Worm attribute, 8-42

RMU Alter command entering RdbALTER, 6-4

RMU Backup After_Journal command

tape label checking, 7-72

RMU Backup command

advantages of, 7-15

After_Journal, 9-19

using disk and tape media, 9-19

by-area backup requires file management, 7-21

calculating working set, 7-28

Checksum_Verification qualifier, 7-30

compared to EXPORT, 8-50

Crc qualifier requirements, 7-71

Crc=Autodin_ii, 7-71

Crc=Checksum, 7-71

cyclic redundancy check (crc) qualifier options, 7-71

example, 7-34

Execute qualifier, 7-46

full and complete, 7-18

full backup operation, 7-9

full versus incremental, 7-19

Incremental, 7-34

Incremental=By_Area, 7-35

Incremental=Complete, 7-35

Journal qualifier, 7-69

List_Plan qualifier, 7-46, 7-51

Load_Synchronization qualifier, 7-67

Lock_Timeout qualifier, 7-59

Master qualifier, 7-66

multithreaded backup operation, 7-2

Noexecute qualifier, 7-49

on line versus off line, 7-22

Online qualifier, 7-57

parallel, 7-23

Parallel qualifier, 7-46

Protection qualifier, 7-14

qualifiers that select storage areas, 7-20

Quiet_Point lock qualifier, 7-58

Quiet_Point qualifier, 7-55

read/write storage areas, 7-22

read-only and write-once storage areas, 7-21

Scan_Optimization qualifier, 7-37

tape label checking, 7-72

RMU Backup Plan command, 7-46, 7-51

RMU Close command, 4-7, 4-11

Noabort qualifier, 4-13

terminating active users, 4-11

RMU Dump After_Journal command

tape label checking, 7-72

RMU Dump Backup_File command, 7-75

tape label checking, 7-72

RMU Dump command, 11-2

After_Journal, 9-75

Area qualifier, 11-2

display database characteristics, 2-15

Header, 2-15

Larea qualifier, 11-2

Recovery_Journal, 10-8

Snapshots qualifier, 11-2

to show storage area, page, and record numbers, 6-7

users, 2-13

RMU Dump Header command, 7-55

RMU Load Audit command, 3-2, 3-23, 3-24

RMU Monitor command, 2-2

Start, 2-3

start monitor and capture the output, 2-6

start specifying a priority, 2-6

start the monitor and display output, 2-6

Stop, 2-3, 2-6

stop and abort, 2-4

RMU Open command, 4-2, 4-7

Access qualifier, 4-3

Global_Buffer qualifier, 4-3

implicit, 9-84

Path qualifier, 4-3, 4-9

RMU Optimize After_Journal command, 9-70

RMU Recover command, 9-65

tape label checking, 7-72

RMU Repair command, 6-1

RMU Restore command, 8-6

RMU Restore Only_Root command

tape label checking, 7-72

RMU Set After_Journal command

Add, 9-74

Drop, 9-56

Shutdown_Timeout, 9-39

Switch_Journal, 9-23, 9-29, 9-69, 9-79

RMU Set Audit command, 3-2, 3-9

Enable=Daccess qualifier, 3-12

Enable=Daccess=Column qualifier, 3-12

Enable=Daccess=Database qualifier, 3-11

Enable=Daccess=Table qualifier, 3-11

Enable=Protection qualifier, 3-12

Enable=RMU qualifier, 3-12

Every qualifier, 3-14

First qualifier, 3-14

Flush qualifier, 3-14

NoFlush qualifier, 3-14

Privileges qualifier, 3-11

Start qualifier, 3-15

Type=Alarm qualifier, 3-16

Type=Audit qualifier, 3-15

RMU Set command

Corrupt_Pages Consistent, 6-5, 6-23

RMU Set Corrupt_Pages command

set consistent flag, 6-21

RMU Set Corrupt_Pages Consistent command

clearing an inconsistent flag, 6-23

replaces RdbALTER Uncorrupt command, 6-5

RMU Show Audit command, 3-2

Audit qualifier, 3-12

Daccess=Column qualifier, 3-12

Daccess=Database qualifier, 3-11

Daccess=Table qualifier, 3-11

Every qualifier, 3-14

Flush qualifier, 3-14

Identifiers qualifier, 3-9

RMU Show command

Corrupt_Pages, 5-20, 5-30, 9-59

RMU Show Corrupt_Pages command, 6-22

RMU Show Statistics command, 1-4

after-image journal backup files, 9-49

after-image journal file switcover, 9-41

after-image journal sequence numbers and checkpoint numbers, 9-47

after-image journaling performance, 9-5

after-image journaling realtime information, 9-43

AIJ Information and Stall Messages screens, 9-40

checking for disk bottlenecks during verify operations, 5-16

emergency after-image journal files, 9-38

submitting as a batch job, 2-13

RMU Verify command, 5-4, 5-12

All, 5-4, 5-12, 5-14

Areas, 5-14, 5-36

Checksum_only, 5-13, 5-24

Constraints, 5-15

Incremental, 5-12

Indexes, 5-15

Indexes [No]Data, 5-15

Larea, 5-14

Larea Segmented_Strings, 5-15

Log, 5-19

qualifier functions, 5-12

Root and Noroot, 5-14

Snapshots, 5-14

Transaction_Type, 5-19

RMU Verify versus RdbALTER Verify, 6-25

Rollback command (RdbALTER), 6-26

Rolling back a transaction

in RdbALTER, 6-26

Root file

backup information, 7-38, 7-75

corrupt page table, 5-20, 5-30, 9-59

header information, 2-15

mapping global sections, 4-1

mapping shared memory partitions, 4-1

restore information, 8-10, 8-11

unmapping global sections, 4-1

unmapping shared memory partitions, 4-1

.ruj file

See Recovery-unit journal (.ruj) file

Sample database, creating, 1-15

Scan_Optimization qualifier

optimizes incremental backup performance, 7-37

Search key, 12-31

Secondary segment, 12-8

Security

database recovery, 9-57

Security audit journal records

defining database table for storing, 3-22

defining relation for storing, 3-22

loading into database, 3-22

Security auditing, 3-2

alarms, 3-3, 3-17

enabling, 3-8

Audit event type, 3-4

audit journal, 3-3, 3-22

enabling, 3-8

Daccess

event type, 3-4

level security auditing, 3-7, 3-9

privileges for database objects, 3-10

default characteristics, 3-2

defining audit events, 3-7

displaying characteristics, 3-2

enabling and disabling events, 3-12

establishing auditing, 3-8

event types, 3-4

event-level security auditing, 3-8, 3-12

every access, 3-13

first access only, 3-13

Flush qualifier, 3-14

interpreting alarms, 3-17

interpreting Audit alarms, 3-18

interpreting Daccess alarms, 3-19

interpreting Oracle RMU alarms, 3-21

interpreting Protection alarms, 3-20

levels of security auditing, 3-7

monitoring resources, 3-3

NoFlush qualifier, 3-14

Protection event type, 3-5

reviewing Audit alarms, 3-18

reviewing audit information, 3-16

reviewing audit journal, 3-24

reviewing audit journal records, 3-24

reviewing Daccess alarms, 3-19

reviewing Oracle RMU alarms, 3-21

reviewing Protection alarms, 3-20

RMU event type, 3-6

setting alarms, 3-13

setting Daccess events, 3-9

setting record auditing, 3-13

setting user-level events, 3-9

starting and stopping, 3-8, 3-13

strategy for defining security auditing, 3-7

top-level security auditing, 3-8, 3-13

use of the RMU Load Audit command, 3-22

user-level security auditing, 3-7, 3-9

Send Us Your Comments

boilerplate, xxi

Show System command (RMU), 2-7, 2-11

Show Users command (RMU), 2-11

Show Versions command (RMU), 2-11

Snap page, 11-26

Snapshot (.snp) file

data structures, 11-26

display, 11-19

Snapshot files

enabling for online backup operations, 7-55

Sorted index, 12-20

non-ranked, 12-20

index node segment, 12-21

ranked, 12-24

index node segment, 12-24

Space area management (SPAM) pages

controlling thresholds, 13-16

defaults, 13-11

defining, 13-11

defining intervals, 13-16

entries, 13-1

entry information, 13-18

examined during incremental backup, 7-38

format, 13-6, 13-12

fullness threshold, 13-16

mixed page format, 13-11

page interval, 13-1

sample scenario, 13-16

SPAM interval

formula for uniform storage area, 13-5

threshold value, 13-5

uniform page format, 13-4, 13-5

SPAM page

See Space area management (SPAM) pages

SQL EXPORT statement, 8-50

SQL IMPORT statement, 8-50

Starting security auditing, 3-8, 3-13

Stopping security auditing, 3-8, 3-13

Storage area

backup strategies, 7-20

mixed page format, 11-7

requirements of journal files, 9-84

specifying for back up operations, 7-43

structures, 12-1

uniform page format, 11-4

Storage records

frag flags, 12-9

identification, 12-9

record pointer, 12-9

structure, 12-9, 12-10

Storage segment

fragmented, 12-8, 12-38

length, 12-5

storage record header, 12-8

structure, 12-8

Summary statistics

incremental backup operation, 7-41

Switching journal files, 9-34

avoiding switchover suspension, 9-35

Switchover, 9-34

SYS$SYSTEM logical name, 2-5

SYSHUTDWN.COM command procedure, 2-2

SYSTARTUP.COM command procedure, 2-2, 2-6

System failure, 10-5

checking database for corruption, 5-19

verifying database integrity, 5-2

SYSTEM record

hashed index structure, 12-28

Tape

checking labels, 7-72

incremental backup command, 7-36

monitor error rates, 7-74

optimizing utilization, 7-69

preloading, 7-67

Tape backups

guidelines, 7-61

recommendations for after-image journal file backup, 9-19

underrun errors, 7-70

Tape device

backing up after-images, 9-19

reusing for after-image backup, 9-20

Tape label checking, 7-72

Thesholds

fullness, 13-1

Timestamp

by-area backup operation, 7-40

changes, 12-3

full database restore operation, 8-6

incremental backup operation, 7-38

incremental restore operation, 8-10

page header, 12-3

Transaction

abnormal termination, 10-4

exception using invalid dbkey, A-8

journaling, 9-1

locked free space, 12-4

normal completion, 10-4

recovering, 9-65

update, 10-4

abnormal termination, 10-4

Transaction identification number (TID), 12-6

Transaction sequence number (TSN), 12-5

after-image journaling, 9-77

index, 12-5

used for incremental backup, 7-38

TSN

See Transaction sequence number (TSN)

Uncorrupt command (RdbALTER), 6-5

Underrun errors

avoiding, 7-70

Update transaction, 10-4

abnormal termination, 10-4

User information, displaying, 2-11

Users

listing active, 2-12

terminating active, 4-7, 4-11

verifying active, 4-13

User-stored data storage segments, 12-8

User-stored record, 12-9

Using the RMU Dump Area command, 11-9, 11-11

Using the RMU Dump Larea command, 11-14

Using the RMU Dump Larea=RDB$AIP command, 11-17

Using the RMU Dump Snapshot command, 11-19

compare with live page, 11-23

Verification

databases prior to backup using the Checksum_Verification qualifier, 7-31

Verify command

checking constraints, 5-9

constraints, 9-82

Verify command (RdbALTER), 6-25

Verifying

checking constraint definitions, 5-5, 5-8

constraints on a restored database, 9-82

violating a constraint definition, 5-3

Verifying database integrity, 5-4, 5-24

after alterations in RdbALTER, 6-25

after system failure, 5-20

after using RdbALTER, 6-16

database page checking, 5-19

effects on other users, 5-4

frequency to perform, 5-4

full, 5-4

restrictions on ready mode, 5-4

specific areas of the database, 5-36

Worker processes, 7-5

Working set

calculating for Oracle RMU backup, 7-28

WORM optical media

journaling considerations, 9-15

omitting both backup and journaling operations, 9-16

performing backups but omitting journaling operations, 9-16

performing journaling but omitting backup operations, 9-17